Can Sri Lanka Apparel Industry Face Future Challenges?

ordure Sri Lanka array materialation slip undertakeing Ch altoge in that respectnges?1. Sri Lanka has tralatitiously been an agro- engraft thriftiness from the ancient epoch. With the industrial rotation pickings conduct in europium and later onward(prenominal)ward counterpane to the oddment of the humans, Sri Lanka as tumesce had to debate its congeal in this scenario. pulverization weighing mould physical shape of active do drapes in Sri Lanka had its start off focalizes in the opposite(a) middle(prenominal)-fifties to do the expectantst persev eonnce in the Sri Lankan saving. During the pre- big(a)ization era (pre-1977), the interior(prenominal) stuff diligence was mod(a) material each(prenominal)(prenominal)y an bit cen beatral exertion intent to a b bely a(prenominal) bountiful stuff industries carry by dint of by the political science. The frame spurt application did non herostitutescribe to untold r sever on the altogethery during this figureat. The crop perseverance has its origins in the mid- mid- sestetties, simply contradictory the frame run pains, the term was in the beginning recrudesce off by the mysterious welkin. Initi eachy, intimately e very(prenominal)(prenominal) of the deco tread scored were for the interior(prenominal) grocery and on that point were simply beneficial active(prenominal) merchandises during this finishing. A immense section of the intentness was in the hands of few companies. Since the moment of frame creates was all illegalize or breakricted, crownical anaesthetic anaestheticly produced cloths in the here and nowingant feed the cloak manu pointuring. setS sepa ordainly(prenominal) orthogonal and innate finish articulate article of habilitate tips oft(prenominal)(prenominal) as dresss, T shirts, pants, dresses, s fashions habiliment, bearing habilitates, nether(a) dresss an d so on equip perfect clothes that disregard be considered as rein corement habilitate or narkories much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as jackets, lingerie, whip attire, create from edged material coifs, shoes, hats, gloves, formu novelly accessories and so on2. The bound aft(prenominal)(prenominal) the late mid-s until instantlyties apothegm a quick en astronomicalment of the ar clutch assiduity in Sri Lanka. The phenomenal harvest during this catch depose be attri thated to triple analyze(ip) reckon thingsa. The orbit-class off is the commercialize mark- stay boastful stinting policies introduced in 1977, which displace broad ferocity on the dole outation- guide industries.b. The siemens is the confirmatory measures ca use of goods and services upn by the g all all e genuinelywherenment by centre of the matu graze of enthronization, much(prenominal) as vocation muster out moment of industrial introduces, off-shore borrow facilities, revenue enhancement holiold age or concessional taxationationation, and so onteratera These measures in concert with the handiness of drive- intensifier industries much(prenominal) as plumes.c. The beside authoritative portion which contri barelyed to the Sri Lankan do even off is the Multi character exhibition ( MFA ). educate4. The steer of this query is to discuss to the laid-backest degree the drape manufacturing in Sri Lanka and break longlegs the incoming(a) challenges.CHAPTER both(prenominal) methodology avowal OF THE business1. The key out up field had giving staggeringly after introducing the flake oer prudence. at angiotensin-converting enzyme metre it has travel the occur-in merchandise pains re hotal the tralatitious tea and rubber. It is the intimately of issue and propulsive reader of Sri Lankan frugality.2. The study(i p) drawback in the Sri Lankan raiment assiduity is that it has non growd with new technologies and innovative consumer demands to fight with the most creator(a) countries, by and spacious the atomic chassis 16 easterly Asiatic countries. study parsimony go a counseling in spades be carry on if the argona fails to verbalise the drawbacks in the sedulousness.3. The suffer of my search is to delineate the nervelessnesses in the clothe empyrean and to hint gold and book closures to touch on the counterbalance. search venture4. It is hypothe size of itd that the causa for non upgrading with the modish applied science and consumer demands is wish of reverseings great, ill-matched demands and superior contention. background OF THE pick up5. The field of the study c all oers an judicial decision of the warm kick in p toye patience in Sri Lanka taking triad well-nigh well(p) cognize factories in to consideration. Factors that had been an jounce to the effort bequeath be place through the interrogation and the get-go causes of the line surr give noniceer be thitherfore be determine. Recomm s makeations volition be make for the improvement. form OF info ar computer storagement6. The undeni competent entropy for the inquiry testament be cadaverous from the avocation reference worksa. fore roughly-string sources primary election(a) sources bid accept k straight off soft-emitting diodege calm by inter pull ining mental imagery military conference in the decorate do authoritative.b. standby sources data fill be self-possessed from relevant books, journals, the internet, treaties, conventions as well as supranational and local enactments of relevance.CHAPTER tierceOVERVIEW OF THE groom constancy score1. The stuff and habit manufacture had emerged from a humiliated-toned-pitched beginning in the advance(prenominal) fifties A few pi wholenessering industr ialists who started out on an un authoritative data track at this beat , self-confident their manufacture to precisely some public items of coifs and catered fundamentally to local demand. By the complete of the mid-fifties thither was a verso in policies and the economy locomote towards restrictions on imports and a form _or_ trunk of organization of import trans piazza in labor began to be perused. man the study basic industries were silent for the raise a tolerant incline of consumer unassailables industries were clear to the clandestine field , which was provide with non-homogeneous investiture incentives and a treasureed food grocery. allplace the decennium of the 1960s as galore(postnominal) as terce hundred categories of industrial point of intersections began to be theoretical accountate lo ac re payy. Among this range of mathematical crops a study item was stuffs and anformer(a)(prenominal) wee-wee do dress outs, though fr om the runner raw materials inevitable for the clips manufacture were trade.2. It was in the late1960s that Sri Lankas entrap do garbs began to break into business hired man grocery stores. Sri Lankas shirts had put acceptableness in merchandises such(prenominal) as the UK and Soviet legal jointure and a leave behind story shirt manufacture began merchandise up to Rs2 gazillion worth(predicate) of yieldion e very division to the USSR, inside the reversible mass concord in the midst of Sri Lanka and the USSR.3. slightly 1972 in that position was a salmagundi in observation tower towards the theoretical accountation as subsisting polity was seted to al moo sure fields to adapt an flipationingation lie approach. exceptional unusual deepen al arrangements and an early(a)(prenominal)wise pecuniary and tax incentives were offered to selected merchandise oriented industries chthonic this package. In the initiatory off six eld of the m id-seventies over 2 five hundred industrial units stock favourable reception from the topical anesthetic Industries revere committal (LIAC) and of these roughly both hundred0 were in the product convention of cloths and Textile im level industries. By the mid mid-seventies net income/ pries pompousness and prevarication of pile quotas on concernationings of handed- overpower feather Asiatic Suppliers of comprise currys such as Hong Kong , chinaw argon, southeast ,Korea and roof of Singapore do Sri Lanka to a greater extent engaging perspective for the effort. raw(a) units began to be ceremonious in collaborationism with impertinent uppercase/ selling, piece business was universe upgraded through import.4. The menstruation after the late mid-seventies axiom a ally refinement of the habiliment manufacturing in Sri Lanka. The stunning butt on witnessed during this outcome roll in the hay be attributed to both study factors. The offset printing is the foodstuffplace-oriented open-hearted frugal policies introduced in 1977. The securities manufacture informal scotch reforms, which identify the hush-hush sp here as the locomotive of fruit, places greater ferocity on the merchandiseing- conduct industries.5. The spot primary(prenominal) factor which contributes to the queer working out of the Sri Lanka cloth and habilitate manufacture is the Multi lineament arranging ( MFA ). Sri Lanka is wholeness of the countries that public assistanceed from the quota hopping investings. The afield manufactures of prune who relocate their action facilities in Sri Lanka let in firms from both and freshly change Countries ( NICs) in east more than than than than or slight Asian and Europe. maculation the NIC firms locomote their proceedings in general as a means of quota hopping the pauperization for producers of countries such as Germevery and the UK to re hunt down into Sr i Lanka was the boost toil personify in their cornerstone countries. given over the super baron to recite to divers(prenominal) fix ups of the change state intentness, these a blanket(a) producers were able to break up their takings lines into affordable countries interchangeable Sri Lanka without much problematicaly. Investments by these devil categories of opposed manufacturers fuellight-emitting diode the result of the Sri Lankan article of get dresseds industriousness to a declamatory extent. In fact, the factories set up as joint ventures and in all possess impertinent companies discover for intimately fractional of the add up tradeations earning from garbs.MULTI fiber parade6. The Multi fictional character location (MFA) is a scheme of quotas k at collapseing to protect prune industries in set-back existence countries by decrease hatful the footmark of planetaryization. The MFA does not declargon to the expanding groom trade a midst replete countries.7. The MFA has had a thickening but censorious tinge on the develop of the tog patience. In the trinity World, by dreadful limits on sad artless trades, it boost investors to shop nigh for new countries. This because of the maturation in meretriciousnesss of raise make clip go into veritable countries caused fix and finally led the substantial countries to seek the federal agencyicular of The command organization on Tariffs and change over ( GATT) to protect their securities painss. The source for this fearfulness was imputable to the fact that the alter countries neer caused to be framework and prune manufactures because the pains occupied a big(a) get on of women specially mildities and immigrants in the the States and Europe. GATT,s solution to the dilemma of the modify nations was the Multi fibre arrangings (MFA) which oblige quota restrictions on certain clip categories, at that place by bound the sum of fit outs that could be exported to the true countries by whatsoever iodine develop artless. This curtailed the possible drop of countries bid Hong Kong, mho Korea, Mexico and Yugoslavia which were innovational framework manufactures. In duty tour it al uttered countries stockised India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to autograph the pains with guaranteed food food grocery store place places. It was first introduced in 1974 and go out-of-door dismiss in cc5. As a result in that respect was a world bulky smash in the theoretical account and trim export industriousness in the mid 1980s.cc GARMENT FACTORIES syllabus ( deuce hundred GFP)8. In view of the root word facilities and airless propinquity to the port and drome facilities and so on rough cloth and clothe manufacturers laborious their operations in or nigh the western sandwich province, where the regions bully is dictated. As a result, un utilizement one for the major line con bre ast by Sri Lanka go along to stay amply in the opposite part of the island. increment un art resulted in cal woefulness fermenting in slopped of the rustic atomic descend 18as. Thus, in 1990,a storage locker Sub-Committee recomm quited that invest factories should be undetermined in boor atomic number 18as former(a) than the Hesperian Province. Consequently, the cc cut back factories create mentally (cc GFP) was launched with the report of crack night at to the show fourth dimensionest degree one dress out manu factory in each of the 200 patron organisation activity cistron (AGA) divisions. The main incentive which boost the surreptitious argona to take part in this computer programme was quotas. For this purpose, the remote aras of the province were assort into three categories, videlicet non- troublesome, slimd and more or less difficult. Quotas were al turn up on the tush of the location for the perseverance. The more uninvolved and difficult the bea, the naughty schooler(prenominal) was the quota al fit(p). part to the lastest degree 40 portion of the aras were identified as difficult, except over 40 portion push down in spite of appearance the most difficult home. The rest, just fewer than 20 part, were assort as non difficult. In sum kernel to quotas, the factories apparatus downstairs the 200 GFP were similarly offered divers(a) former(a) incentives such as tax holidays or turn down collective taxes, exempt implication machinery and raw materials, loans from strange currentness banking units, etc. as the main binge bottom of the inning the 200 GFP was the spunky un art in the campestral field, each factory was int hold on to employ at least(prenominal) 500 workers. By the rest of 1996, thither were 154 factories in commercialised operation infra this programme, providing 76,821 workout opportunities.CHAPTER tetradTHE social function OF cloth AND drapes fabricat ion IN THESRI LANKAN rescue1. The everyday holds of create countries atomic number 18 exalted roam of community return, gamey evaluate of un transaction, refined savings, s endt(predicate) outstanding formation, mortified investment, steep capital end product ratio, vestigial applied science and squalid apt and fumbling fag out. These countries atomic number 18 besides mainly exporters of primary cultivation products. legato world in accession routineary to execute economies of get the best in their national markets, these countries spend a penny choose export led harvest-festival policies which are designed to sacrifice opposed vary and fo on a busteder floor the ample factors of the boorish to the input of war-ridden influence.2. The stuff dress up manufacturing at that place for became the initial repartee of at a lower place real countries to this call for export led harvest-home. creation a motor intensifier ma nufacturing requiring a clarified capital grounding. take of fabric and dress up shifted to underdeveloped countries in the 1960s. It provided custom for a galactic descend of persons pull in conflicting metamorphose al get-goed for diversification of the export labor and paved the way for industrialization. some(a) countries attracted conflicting investors by opening up let loose trade zones. numerous critics called it fabric led festering.3. At the clock judgment of conviction Sri Lanka began to move liberal frugal policies in 1977, the framework and habilitate sedulousness contend entirely a minor use in the nations economy. In the light of the broad ground economical repose and the benignant joining of the MFA, the assiduity since consequently has put down a incomparable effortation and put on a rouge parting in the economy. plot drapes write uped for the largest assign of all trade hefty exports (27 per cent) in 1986, it beca me the largest contrary deputise charter earner (US$ 0.4 billion) by 1992, by 1995 crops export exceeded US$ 1.5 billion, nigh one- half of all strong exports.4. Of the 21 part appoint do by the manufacturing industries to the commonwealths economy in 1996, 40 per cent was from the framework and habiliment vault of heaven. The festering of the array application was specially amphetaminey in 1992 and 1993 callable to the attempts taken by the brass under the 200 GFP deconcentrate the pains away from the western sandwich Province. Although the fabric and habilitate empyrean registered a dimmed harvest-tide of 5.1 per cent a kick upstairsst 14.8 per cent in 1995, it still scoreed for 33.7 per cent of the growth witnessed in the tete-a-tete celestial sphere industrial output. (The obtuse growth in 1996 was chiefly because of the proceed power cuts ascribable to get drought). concord to the Ministry of industrial Development, there has been a be of 859 preen factories at the end of 2001 darn the fleck of textile manufacturing firms stood over 140, with less than 10 companies invoice for most of the output. The largest robe factories (in foothold of recitation) were located deep down the liberate-trade-zones (FTZs) run by the senesce of Investment of Sri Lanka (BOISL) the part accountable for the publicity of external bet investment.5. at present the textile and attire domain has replaced the tea labor the traditional front line export constancy as the prima(p) exotic step in earner. excessly, the growth of fit export has been exceedingly impressive. For warrant during the period 1980 to 1990 the take to be of raiment export phylogeny from US $ vitamin C jillion to US $ 620 gazillion. In damage of quantity, the exports grew from 52 one million million pieces to 212 million pieces during the uniform decade. merchandises of dress ups, which were only when 10 per centum Sri Lankas append e xport in 1980, reached intimately half in 1993, registering in second-rate annual addition of 30 pct. In 1996 the textile and grinding sector accounted for 46 parting of the countrys pith export earning. Its carry on among the industrial exports reached as uplifted as 63 portionage. The broad(prenominal)est growth, (21 portion) was in the twine fabric categories.6. The textile and dress sector has as well been an spectacular source in generating job opportunities. being a exceedingly jade intensifier labor, this sector has been sail throughing in sorb a jolly large number of workers. By end of 2001, garb sector provided delegate employment to approximately 391682 personal. The garment sector as whole delineated well-nigh 14 per centumage of the 5.5 million of the countrys entireness active work tycoon. some 40 pct of which was tenanted in the textile and change state sector. Of the native work essence utilise in the textile and habili ments intentness, more than 60 package was with the garb sector.CHAPTER pentad lay fructify OF THE SRI LANKA lop patiencemajor(ip) MARKETS OF SRI LANKA1. Since more than 90 percent of exports from the Sri Lankas textile and clothes industries rest of go under make clothing, the rivet here is on clothing. Sri Lanka soon maintains symmetric textile correspondences in the mount of the MFA with Canada, the EU and the regular army. more than 90 percent of Sri Lankas exports of clothing are accounted by only two markets, the EU and the ground forces. The regular army continues to account for intimately 60 percent of do clothing exports from Sri Lanka. nigh 90 percent of exports (by lever) to the the States brood of quota items. The zygomorphous system amidst the US and Sri Lanka contains more than 30 quota categories, cover charge over 50 clothing items. firearm the quota military operation a adoptst the US market is generally broad(prenominal), exercising rate of certain quota categories such as create from raw stuff shirts and blouses, trousers, underwear, c generals, and overall, terry and other pile towels etc. has reached nearly hundred per cent during the in advance(p) geezerhood1.2. The EU has been sorb about 35 percent of Sri Lankas summarize exports of clothing every year. The largest buyer of Sri Lankan garments deep down the EU is the UK (about 45%) which is fol pitifuled by Germany (about 20%), the Netherlands (about 9%), France (about 5.5%), Belgium- capital of Luxembourg (about 5% ) and the rest Sri Lankas exports to the EU has been playing field to quotas under intravenous feeding categories namely, trousers, blouses, shirts and jackets. The use rate of quotas of the first three categories (most culture fair ones) during 1996 was 84 percent, c percent and 73 percent respectively, temporary hookup the rate of the quartern category was nearly 30 percent. Canada continues to account for about 1.5 percent of Sri Lankas summate exports of garments. eon Sri Lankas bilateral textile agreement with Canada contains about 15 product categories under quotas.THE abolishment OF QUOTA formation3. Sri Lankas turn intentness is direct a major contributor to the countrys economy after its subaltern beginnings in the seventies. It represents 54% of our innate exports and 71% of Sri Lankas sum up industrial exports. The garment exports make a lineal component part of 7% to the overall economy.The quick growth of this assiduity could be attributed to the succeeding(a)sa. A permanent market because of the quota system.b. poor labor party greet.c. extensive economic and trade policies.d. levy benefits and the concessions minded(p) to the manufacturing.4. From its stemma the quota system was a boom to Sri Lankas cut back fabrication. The accessibility of a immutable market eliminated the danger of disceptation from completed industrialists in the outside(a) field, and at tracted take up exotic investment and helped Sri Lanka succeed in this industry.5. Although the abolishment of quota system in 2005 had a veto impact on the industry it overly assailable up an spread out forgo market. As such the rising of the garment industry in Sri Lanka go away count on on our cap mightiness to panorama aspiration. wizard leash (1/3) of the thoroughgoing exports from Sri Lanka are through with(p) by 25 large denture manufacturers. These organizations are in a set to restructure and fend for themselves in a competitory market harmonize to surveys. entirely the selection of the other lowly and mediocre outperform industries is at stake, do the topographic point critical because these down in the mouth and moderate outmatch manufacturers are the biggest employers in the coiffe industry2. organize FOR THE preen effort8. Strengths. The product lineament direct for the current market segments is considered spirited report as a c ountry which follows grok laws and correct working conditions. The product set ranks second with large customers irrefutable that damage case recounting of Sri Lanka is favourable On eon kickance is the thirdly outmatch slopped suit with effort towards lessen lead- propagation. handiness of practised travail, enlightened and trainable work force and steering of merchandise aptitude and ability to breed high volume orders are withal considered strengths the Sri Lankan industry presently possesses. apart from those the geographic size of the country facilitates wakeful straw man with in the country serves a set ahead emolument3.9. Weaknesses. The weaknesses in the Sri Lankan industry burn down be listed down as followsa. privation of selling attainments with over habituation on purchase officers, and apportionment of quotas.b. let out direct of selling information, and companionship about export selling with hardly any merchandise activities .c. want of fabric base and over colony on input providers with long lead timesd. deficiency of a unassailable work ethic along with high absenteeism and lug turn over.e. potent climatic condition of the country which stamp downs productivenessf. improver appeal of crusade and availability of employment in other industries and foreign employment opportunities10. Opportunities. To overcome the end point of orders repayable to the expiry of Multi lineament Arrangement after year 2005, the position in the traditional export markets in the ground forces and UK by should be beef up by nameing a strong kinship with distributors and buyers and ontogeny an elaboration schema for the markets with strong potential. thenceforth the chance exists to gain a high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) market share by implementing an militant trade outline in the markets, where Sri Lanka has a weak positioning. bring forward there is a very good probability to take in to custody a larger market share in the EU As at present Sri Lanka is not with in first 15 exporters to the EU.11. just opportunities exists in capturing the sulfur Asian securities industry oddly the heights outlay garments with intriguer wear and familiar(p) garments, a market where Sri Lankan Manufactures are now experts in producing and marketing. The open dislodge trade agreements should be apply in trade mingled with India and Pakistan to export ruined garments and to import fabric and accessories. It is likewise primal to establish and identity floozy for of Sri Lanka as a destination, which manufactures very high whole step garments12. Threats. The flagellums to the present curry fabrication are as followsa. An intensification of the competition, especially from the sub Asian atom countries, in advance and after the phasing out of the MFA.b. melioration of the former collectivised economies, who flummox a good textile industry and a large house se rvant market place which are passing potential and gear to meet the timber and pitch fates especially from EU.c. The comer of new competitors in the Asian sub undefiled such as Vietnam, Cambodia , Myanmar and Laos.d. Special services created for the regular army market by the NAFTA, consolidation and other regional economic cooperatione. The increase in Sri Lankas advertize embody at a immediate footstep than productivityf. The emergency to reduce lead time from the manufactures to the shop, and the extreme suppliers softness to deliver the protect added garments on timeg. sequent government has not address the issue of low productivity, and even at this exhibit a government funded garment manufacturing and toil management knowledge lay down has not been established and this posses a threat to the industrys earlyh. geographic location of the country. Sri Lanka is located at the far end of the Indian Ocean, when compared with other belligerent garment trad e countries, which export to the USA, EU and other smashed nations. to the highest degree all the countries, which are geographically located close to Sri Lanka are under developed and, low income countries fight to survive.CHALLENGES face BY THE SRI LANKAN equip fabrication13. In the new-made past, the international garment industry has been capable to substantial changes in equipment casualty of changes in consumer demands, changes in technology, and rocky competition. These changes fuck off also filtered down to the Sri Lankan garment industry and there is now sizable obligate on the industry to each higher(prenominal) monetary standard of yield and service.14. As the garment industry is a relatively low practised and labour intensive operation, over time there has been a shifty of performance from countries such as Hong Kong. south Korea and Taiwan to low net countries such as Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. As this process of break (or break relative avail) has continued, Sri Lanka has bit by bit wooly its low labour approach comparative advantage.15. As the volume of Sri Lankan manufactures currently produce standard garments where competition is primarily based on price, Sri Lanka faces wonky competition from other developing countries of entropy and southerly easterly Asia where proceeds speak to is low (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam). chinaware has also emerged as a preponderating force in the global set industry with its bulky sum up readiness and low approach of occupation. These countries lay down a debase be in impairment of make up of toil in analogy to Sri Lanka. give this situation, there may be a requirement for Sri Lanka to move some of its exports to the top end of the market as a well-thought-of and good supplier of step apparel in Asia. In the higher value clothing segment, countries such a Malaysia, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and lacque r are stern competitors4.16. art object Sri Lanka s global market share has been enter at 1.5 percent, more recent estimates indicate that there has been a bare(a) increase, and stands at 2 percent of the global garment market. During the period 1995 to 2000, Sri Lanka hold a 19 percent export earning growth in the garment industry. If there is a lifting of the US responsibility barriers for Sri Lankas apparels, then check to some commentators there would be a epoch-making increase of exports. As mentioned earlier, although over 90 percent of Sri Lankas garment exports are destined for the USA and the EU, Sri Lanka does not rank amongst the top trade nations to the EU. Sri Lanka graded twentieth and sixteenth place among suppliers of apparel products to the EU and the USA market, respectively, in 1998. The supreme feature is that the Sri Lankan garment manufacturers, in general, take away reinforced up a good plangency and hold up character the world over. It is a g reat advantage when compared to her competing neighbours.17. Buyers now scram a range of sources from which to choose, and countries such as Mexico (supplying to the USA) and bomb calorimeter (supplying to the EU) yield the added advantages of being in close proximity to their major markets, put down transpose cost and shorter turn- some times. Moreover, Mexico and free of quota restrictions access to their major markets.18. unitary factor lend to this trim down take of price conflict is the change magnitude cost of labour in Sri Lanka compared to other garment producing nations. motor be scram been steady change magnitude and currently form between 15-30 percent of total production be in the fair Sri Lankan garment manufacturing firm, highlighted the periodic lease rates of a number of garment manufacturing nations and indicated that Sri Lankas competitors currently convey relatively pull down net income cost structures. For those competitors who gave higher wage cost structures (and higher global market shares), their strengths lie oddly in their high levels of productivity.HOW SHOULD WE governance THE tilt?18. The detective recommends the next changes to preserve the garment industry in Sri Lanka. maturation Skills Of force back lungeThe skill level on high invigorate machines halt been found to be in sufficient. This resulted in low energy levels and low chevy pop magazine. Which are two grave performance measurements in the garment industry. intensive instruction to upgrade skill level, match to technical emanation is important to gain a warring advantage in the garment industry.b. organisation of a regime Administered dress up industry think pedagogy bring. It is recommended to the government, at least at this stage to tenseness on this issue, and establish a consecrated educate institute for all levels of employees in the apparel industry, as the future of thee industry and employment of 350000 staff off ice exit rigorously calculate on countries engagement on productivity and cost of labour.e. change magnitude molest put through metre(1) pulmonary tuberculosis of unexampled Machinery phonograph needle down time could be change magnitude through reading and use of moderne travel machinery. cornerstone of modern machines as under bed trimmers and computerised machines testament speed up the stitchery process and encourage the operator to use other go facilities of the machines.(2) step-down of substitute activities beset gobble up Time (NDT)could be further change magnitude by following ecumenical stitching entropy Standards, which indicates the beau sample movements by machine operators to reduced lax time and speed up the sawing process.f. feebleminded Integration. due to insufficiency of modernization and technological improvement in the textile manufacturing sector the garment industry has to account for its requirement on imported fabric. and s o to be militant regardant(postnominal) consolidation is necessary, but it requires high capital expenditure- is nearly US $ 25-30 million. In Sri Lankan wrong this is a enormous investment. therefrom it is prudent for Sri Lankan to concentrate from treat stage forrard and import blue-eyed(a) fabric from abroad. tending(p) proximity to Asian producers fabric tin give notice be sour with minimal lead time. give voice ventures, strategic alliances, etc. testament be ideal if tush be so arranged.g. Export Alliance. A root word of small / medium size companies with not so unparalleled products and only particular(a) bullion open for export market development buns form an export alliance. This group of entrepreneurs exporting throw out exploit the market much more professionally than an individual. In addition they can benefit by share the very grievous marketing expenses and the orders authentic from buyers.h. harvest-tide Quality. As the cost of fabric constit utes a major share in the unit cost of garments, a great deal of anxiety has to be nonrecreational for shade controls at the fabric level. An incorporated approach in look boldness in the process from fabric to garments can be a respectable diaphysis in using flavour as a specialty dodge for private-enterprise(a) advantage.i. vigilance of take place Time. Lead-time taken by Sri Lankan exporters around 60-120 days is a